How can we install Cleat Wiring System

Temporary electrical wiring on building and construction sites is necessary to enable lighting and power to be provided for the various points on the site. The cleat wiring on insulators shall be installed in accordance to regulations. The insulators are made by porcelain, plastic or hard wood. It is the oldest wiring method. It is permitted on systems up-to 440 volts or 600 volts.
In cleat wiring V.R.I, P.V.C and weather proof sheathed cables are commonly used. The cleat has a two parts. One is base and other is cap. The cables shall be supported on base because in base the grooves are made and cables are easily fitted in these grooves.

After that the base is covered with cap and then cap is screwed on the base. The cleats are available in two-way. three-way and four-way construction. The two-way cleat is used for single-phase supply (230 volts) and three-way cleat is used for three-phase (440 volts) three wire system and four-way cleat is used for three phase four wire system. The wiring is installed in vertical and horizontal positions. In this wiring system the fault is replaced very easily because all the cables are open.
When one circuit or cables are passing through an other circuit or cables in cleat wiring system then insulators are used on lower cables for safety purpose.  In the below fig the crossing is shown. At the turning points in cleat wiring, special types of cleats are used. 
The distance between tow cleats is kept approximately 0.5 meter or 18 inch or 45 cm and the distance between cables and wall is approximately 1.5 cm. The distance between two cables is 4 to 7 cm according to their current rating. The cleat wiring is used in industries for installation of high capacity current cables. The distance between earth and cables is approximately 2.5 to 3 cm. therefore at switches and junction boxes the earthing points are marked.
The cable are entered in junction box through holes and always one cable is passing through one hole. When cables are passing through the walls or roofs then porcelain tube or metal pipes are commonly used. The life period of this wiring is 3 months minimum and maximum 10 to 15 years.

Method of Cleat wiring system installation:
                                                                                                                                     First, draw the straight line on the wall with the help of coloured thread and after that mark the points on the wall. The distance between these points is one meter and then with the help  of drill machine made the holes in marked points and rawal plugs are inserted in these holes. A screw of 2.5" inch in inserted in base of cleat and base of cleat is screwed the wall. The cable is lying one by one on each groove and than cap of cleat is screwed on base. The screws are not completely tight because the insulation of the cables is damaged. In below fig a cleat wiring sketch is shown. For installation of switched on the wooden round block the extra cable is escaped and also for lamp holders some extra cable is escaped. The neutral wire is directly connected to lamp holders and sockets. In this wiring usually fuse is not used. When cables are passed through walls or roofs than metal pipe or porcelain tube is used. In last the wiring is tested with the help of megger. The short circuit and insulation tests are performed mostly.

Advantages of Cleat wiring:
(a) Cheap and simple wiring system and this type of wiring is installed very quickly or very short period of time is required to finish it.
(b) Because all the cables are in open air, therefore fault is found very easily and replace it very quickly.
(c) The whole wiring is replaced in short period of time and the material of wiring is used on another place if we want.
(d) The alternations and additions are possible in cleat wiring system and inspection of this wiring is very easy.
(e) This is the temporary wiring system.

Disadvantages of Cleat wiring:
(a) The weather conditions are directly affected on cables such as , rain , oil. vapour . strem. humidity. smoke. and acidic effect and also mechanical injuries are directly affected on the cables.
(b) After some duration sag is produced in the cables.
(c) The dust and smoke are directly affected on cables, therefore after some duration the beauty of this wiring is lost.
(d) IT is used only on low temperature places.
(e) It is used  on 220/440 volts only.
(f) This wiring system is not safe and durable.
(g) The risk of fire is present because all the cables are in open condition.
(h) If the cap of the cleat is tightly screwed on the base then the insulation of the cables is damaged and risk of current leakage is occur.

Precautions:
(a) the cables are lying straight in cleats.
(b) Cleat wiring is not suitable for those places where smoke, steam, dust and risk of mechanical injury is present.
(c)If cables are passing through under the water pipes, walls or roofs then cables are always passing through metal conduits.
(d)The cap is not tightly screwed on the base because insulation of cables is damaged and not as loosely screwed that as a result the cables are producing sag.
(e) Switches, sockets, cut out, ceiling rose and lamp holders are always installed on round wooden blocks.
(f) Do not install this wiring in stores and flammable places.
(g) The distance between branch circuits for single-phase supply (220 volts) is not less than 2.5 cm and for sub main 4 cm minimum.
(h) Always use the wooden bushing on each end of the conduit.

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